Ancient Christian monastery possibly pre-dating Islam found in UAE

Friday, November 4, 2022

An ancient Christian monastery possibly dating as far back as the years before Islam spread across the Arabian Peninsula has been discovered on an island off the coast of the UAE, officials announced on Thursday.

The monastery on Siniyah Island, part of the sand dune emirate of Umm Al-Quwain, sheds new light on the history of early Christianity along the shores of the Arabian Gulf.

It marks the second such monastery found in the Emirates, dating back as many as 1,400 years — long before its desert expanses gave birth to a thriving oil industry.

The two monasteries became lost to history in the sands of time as scholars believe Christians slowly converted to Islam as that faith grew more prevalent in the region.

Today, Christians remain a minority across the wider Middle East.

For Timothy Power, an associate professor of archaeology at the United Arab Emirates University who helped investigate the newly discovered monastery, the UAE today is a “melting pot of nations.”

The fact that something similar was happening here a 1,000 years ago is really remarkable and this is a story that deserves to be told, he said.

The monastery sits on Siniyah Island, which shields the Khor Al-Beida marshlands in Umm Al-Quwain, an emirate some 50 km northeast of Dubai along the coast of the Arabian Gulf.

The island has a series of sandbars coming off of it like crooked fingers. On one, to the island’s northeast, archaeologists discovered the monastery.

Carbon dating of samples found in the monastery’s foundation date between 534 and 656.

Islam’s Prophet Muhammad was born around 570 and died in 632.

Viewed from above, the monastery on Siniyah Island’s floor plan suggests early Christian worshippers prayed within a single-aisle church at the monastery.

Rooms within appear to hold a baptismal font, as well as an oven for baking bread or wafers for communion rites. A nave also likely held an altar and an installation for communion wine.

Next to the monastery sits a second building with four rooms, likely around a courtyard — possibly the home of an abbot or even a bishop in the early church.

On Thursday, the site saw a visit from Noura bint Mohammed Al-Kaabi, the country’s culture and youth minister, as well as Sheikh Majid bin Saud Al-Mualla, the chairman of the Umm Al-Quwain’s Tourism and Archaeology Department and a son of the emirate’s ruler.

The island remains part of the ruling family’s holdings, protecting the island for years to allow the historical sites to be found.

The UAE’s Culture Ministry has sponsored the dig in part, which continues at the site.

Just hundreds of meters away from the church, a collection of buildings that archaeologists believe belongs to a pre-Islamic village sit.

Elsewhere on the island, piles of tossed-aside clams from pearl hunting make for massive, industrial-sized hills.

Nearby also sits a village that the British blew up in 1820 before the region became part of what was known as the Trucial States, the precursor of the UAE.

That village’s destructions brought about the creation of the modern-day settlement of Umm Al-Quwain on the mainland.

Historians say early churches and monasteries spread along the Arabian Gulf to the coasts of present-day Oman and all the way to India.

Archaeologist have found other similar churches and monasteries in Bahrain, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.

In the early 1990s, archaeologists discovered the first Christian monastery in the UAE, on Sir Bani Yas Island, today a nature preserve and site of luxury hotels off the coast of Abu Dhabi, near the Saudi border.

It similarly dates back to the same period as the new find in Umm Al-Quwain.

However, evidence of early life along the Khor Al-Beida marshlands in Umm Al-Quwain dates as far back as the Neolithic period — suggesting continuous human inhabitance in the area for at least 10,000 years, Power said.

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