Goris Cave Dwellings – Abandoned Cone-Shaped Cave Homes

Published on December 5, 2025

A Journey Into Armenia’s Ancient Cave Settlements

Perched above the southern town of Goris in Syunik Province, the Goris Cave Dwellings are a striking cluster of cone-shaped homes carved into the soft volcanic tuff that defines the region’s landscape. These abandoned dwellings, long silent, offer travelers a rare glimpse into centuries-old habitation patterns, local ingenuity, and human adaptation to Armenia’s rugged terrain. Unlike urban historical sites or large monastic complexes, the cave dwellings maintain an eerie stillness, allowing visitors to experience history as it once was—integrated directly into the land.

Goris, a town renowned for its rocky outcrops and volcanic cliffs, serves as the perfect gateway for exploring these dwellings. The site appeals to history enthusiasts, architects, photographers, and travelers who enjoy off-the-beaten-path discoveries.

History and Geographical Setting of Goris Cave Dwellings

Origins of the Cone-Shaped Cave Homes

The Goris Cave Dwellings date back to the medieval period, though some sources suggest they may have earlier roots in the late antiquity era. Local communities carved these homes directly into volcanic rock, creating insulated shelters suited for harsh winters and hot summers. The cone shape provided stability and efficiently shed rainwater while minimizing structural collapse in the soft tuff rock.

Residents of these cave homes relied on nearby streams, cultivated terraces, and natural materials to sustain their daily lives. Many cave complexes are included:

• Small internal rooms for living
• Storage niches for food and supplies
• Entrances reinforced with stone lintels
• Chimneys or ventilation shafts for smoke

The dwellings were often clustered, forming miniature neighborhoods, and were connected by narrow paths or steps carved into the rock.

Cultural and Social Role

The cave settlements reflect the resilience and ingenuity of past communities in Goris. Their design demonstrates:

• Adaptation to environmental constraints
• Efficient use of natural resources
• Integration with the surrounding topography
• Communal lifestyle patterns

Although abandoned centuries ago, the dwellings continue to tell the story of human habitation in one of Armenia’s most geologically unique regions.

Geographical Location in Syunik Province

The cave dwellings are located just outside Goris, on the slopes of volcanic formations that dominate the town’s skyline. The surrounding terrain includes:

• Rolling hills and steep tuff cliffs
• Narrow valleys with seasonal water flow
• Panoramic views of the Syunik mountains
• Proximity to other historical sites, such as Tatev Monastery

The region’s volcanic geology not only shaped the dwellings but also created dramatic scenery that enhances the visitor experience.

Importance of Goris Cave Dwellings in Global Tourism

A Window Into Vernacular Architecture

International travelers increasingly value destinations that showcase ancient construction techniques. The Goris Cave Dwellings are remarkable examples of vernacular architecture, where design is dictated by environment, materials, and function. Their cone-shaped form is unique in Armenia and resonates with similar rock-cut communities worldwide, providing a comparative perspective for researchers and enthusiasts.

Cultural Heritage and Educational Value

The dwellings are a valuable teaching resource, offering insights into:

• Medieval settlement patterns
• Geological adaptation in construction
• Community organization and lifestyle
• Sustainable building practices using local materials

Eco-Tourism and Adventure Appeal

The combination of dramatic cliffs, volcanic formations, and abandoned homes attracts eco-tourists, hikers, and adventure travelers. The site allows immersive exploration without the commercial pressures often seen at other heritage sites.

Photography and Creative Inspiration

The interplay of natural light on cone-shaped facades, shadows in carved interiors, and the surrounding rocky landscape makes Goris Cave Dwellings a favored location for photographers, illustrators, and filmmakers seeking authentic, visually compelling environments.

How to Reach Goris Cave Dwellings

Travel From Yerevan

• Distance: ~330 km
• Travel Time: 5–6 hours
• Route: Yerevan → Megri → Goris (via M2 highway)

The highway is well-maintained, offering a comfortable drive through southern Armenia, with mountain views and pastoral landscapes.

Local Access From Goris Town

From central Goris:

• The dwellings are 2–3 km from the town center
• Accessible by a short drive on a dirt road or via a walking trail
• Marked paths lead visitors safely to the cliffside settlements

Hiking and Exploration

Visitors can explore the site on foot, following gentle slopes and rocky terraces. Moderate hiking skills are sufficient, though sturdy footwear is recommended for uneven rock surfaces.

Guided Tours

Local guides offer tours combining Goris Cave Dwellings with nearby natural attractions and historical sites. Their knowledge enhances understanding of:

• The construction methods
• Historical context
• Legends and local stories are tied to the dwellings

Who Can Visit Goris Cave Dwellings?

Suitable Visitors

• History and archaeology enthusiasts seeking insight into ancient habitation
• Hikers and outdoor adventurers exploring southern Armenia
• Photographers and filmmakers looking for dramatic landscapes
• Families interested in experiential learning about medieval life

Accessibility Considerations

• Uneven rock surfaces may challenge visitors with mobility issues
• Children can explore safely under supervision
• Suitable for casual visitors willing to walk moderate distances

Best Time to Visit Goris Cave Dwellings

Spring (April–June)

• Mild temperatures and green hills
• Ideal for walking, photography, and nature observation
• Streams are flowing, enhancing the scenery

Summer (July–August)

• Warm weather is suitable for hiking
• Dry terrain improves accessibility
• Early mornings or late afternoons are recommended to avoid midday heat

Autumn (September–October)

• Colorful foliage accentuates the volcanic rocks
• Comfortable climate for exploration
• Popular for photographers seeking golden-hour shots

Winter (November–March)

• Cold temperatures and possible snow cover
• Access may be limited due to icy or slippery rock surfaces

Overall, April–October is optimal for most visitors.

All in summary

The Goris Cave Dwellings offer an extraordinary glimpse into Armenia’s past, where human ingenuity transformed volcanic rock into functional, cone-shaped homes. Their dramatic setting above Goris town, combined with centuries of silence and natural decay, creates an evocative environment that draws travelers interested in history, architecture, and adventure. Though abandoned, these dwellings remain an enduring symbol of adaptation, resilience, and cultural heritage. For those exploring Syunik Province, they provide a unique, off-the-beaten-path experience that complements Armenia’s monasteries, highlands, and natural wonders.