Post-Covid Overtourism: The Struggles of Popular Destinations Like Barcelona, Bali, Venice and More

Published on July 31, 2025

The global tourism industry is recovering from the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, but this resurgence comes with a new set of challenges—chief among them being overtourism. Cities and regions that were once reliant on a steady flow of international visitors are now grappling with the unintended consequences of this revival. The likes of Barcelona, Venice, Bali, and other popular tourist destinations are facing overcrowding, environmental degradation, and rising tensions between residents and tourists.

In 2024, Europe saw a staggering 747 million international arrivals, with southern and western regions, including Spain and Italy, seeing the largest influx. As the numbers of international travelers grow, so too does the strain on local infrastructure, the environment, and the everyday lives of residents. The phenomenon of “revenge tourism,” where travelers seek to make up for lost time during the pandemic, has amplified the issue. The return of mass tourism has created a stark contrast between the booming tourism economy and the discomfort of local communities, who are often left to bear the brunt of this influx.

Barcelona: A Case Study of Overtourism’s Impact

Barcelona, a city that saw more than 15 million international visitors in 2024, has become a prime example of how overtourism can impact both residents and tourists. With a population of just 5 million in its greater metropolitan area, the city has been overwhelmed by a flood of visitors who flock to its iconic sights like La Sagrada Família and the beaches along the Mediterranean. While tourism has brought significant economic benefits to the city, it has also driven up housing prices, led to overcrowded public spaces, and increased waste in public areas.

One of the most significant challenges for Barcelona is the rise of short-term rental properties, like those listed on platforms such as Airbnb. Mayor Jaume Collboni has openly stated that the growth of entrepreneurial holiday homes is the “biggest problem” the city faces. With 10,000 short-term rental apartments catering to tourists, local residents are finding it increasingly difficult to secure affordable housing. Additionally, the influx of tourists has made it harder for locals to enjoy their own city, as their favorite restaurants, shops, and public spaces are often overrun with travelers.

Venice and the Fight Against Mass Tourism

Venice, perhaps the most iconic victim of overtourism, has long struggled with the pressures of mass tourism. The city, with its population of around 260,000, welcomed over 30 million visitors in recent years before the pandemic. The impact of this on the fragile city has been profound. Venice’s canals, historic architecture, and cultural heritage are under constant threat from the environmental toll of tourism, with rising sea levels and pollution exacerbated by the massive number of visitors.

In response, local authorities have implemented measures such as limiting the number of tourists allowed to visit certain areas and introducing entry fees to help regulate the flow of visitors. Despite these efforts, the city continues to face an uphill battle in preserving its cultural and environmental integrity. Residents, many of whom have been forced out by rising living costs and a lack of affordable housing, have voiced their frustration at the inability of authorities to find a balance between welcoming tourists and protecting the city’s heritage.

Bali: A Tourist Paradise Facing Environmental Destruction

Bali, a tropical paradise that attracts millions of tourists each year, is another destination grappling with the negative effects of overtourism. The island’s beaches, rice terraces, and cultural landmarks have made it a top destination for travelers from around the world. However, the rapid rise in tourism has brought with it a host of environmental and social issues. Plastic waste, overcrowded beaches, and wastewater pollution have become significant problems, with some beaches in Bali being temporarily shut down for cleaning.

The Indonesian government has responded by imposing a moratorium on new hotel and villa constructions in Bali, aiming to preserve the island’s indigenous culture and environment. Local authorities have also introduced regulations to limit the number of tourists visiting certain areas, such as Ubud and Kuta, in an attempt to protect the island’s natural resources and prevent further degradation. While these measures are a step in the right direction, the island continues to face challenges in balancing tourism with environmental sustainability.

The Role of Local Communities in Taking Back Power

As overtourism continues to be a major issue, local communities are increasingly finding ways to take back control. In Fujikawaguchiko, a small town in Japan known for its stunning views of Mount Fuji, residents took drastic action to combat the negative impact of tourism. In a bid to block the popular tourist view of the mountain, which had become a hotspot for selfies, they erected a large black screen. This move, while temporary, sent a clear message to tourists that the town’s residents were no longer willing to tolerate the disruption caused by mass tourism.

Similarly, in other destinations like Barcelona and Venice, local residents are voicing their concerns and pushing for stricter regulations to manage the flow of tourists. Efforts to regulate short-term rentals, such as the measures introduced by the City of Barcelona to limit Airbnb listings, reflect a growing recognition of the need to balance the economic benefits of tourism with the well-being of local communities. These actions highlight the growing role of residents in advocating for sustainable tourism practices that respect both the environment and the local way of life.

New Zealand’s Proactive Approach to Overtourism

Unlike many destinations that have waited until overtourism has caused irreversible damage, New Zealand has taken a proactive approach to managing its tourism industry. The country recently tripled its International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy (IVL) to NZ$100 per head, a move that is aimed at preserving the country’s natural landscapes and indigenous culture. While this levy may discourage some budget travelers, it is seen as a necessary step by conservationists, who argue that the long-term sustainability of tourism in New Zealand depends on investing in the protection of its natural resources.

The introduction of the IVL is part of a broader strategy to promote “slow travel” rather than mass tourism, encouraging travelers to stay longer in fewer locations and engage more meaningfully with the local culture. This approach contrasts with the traditional “bucket-list” mentality that leads travelers to rush from one major attraction to the next, contributing to overcrowding and environmental degradation.

The Future of Overtourism: A Need for Sustainable Solutions

The issue of overtourism is not going away anytime soon. As global tourism continues to recover, the pressure on popular destinations will only increase. However, with the right policies and a focus on sustainable practices, it is possible for destinations to manage tourism in a way that benefits both travelers and local communities.

Solutions such as limiting the number of tourists, promoting off-season travel, and encouraging responsible tourism practices can help reduce the negative impacts of overtourism. Local communities, governments, and the tourism industry must work together to ensure that tourism remains a force for good, supporting local economies without compromising the environment or the quality of life for residents.