Russian Travel To Europe Crashes To Historic Lows In 2024, With Turkey Emerging As A Vital Transit Lifeline

Published on February 11, 2025

Russian travel to Europe plunged to historic lows in 2024, with a staggering 16.4-fold drop since 2019, as Turkey became a critical transit hub amid restrictions.

The travel landscape for Russians heading to Europe underwent a seismic shift in 2024, with just 600,000 air trips recorded through third-country transit. This figure represents a staggering 16.4-fold decline compared to pre-pandemic levels in 2019 when travel was unrestricted.

The data, drawn from the Analytical Service of ATOR and sourced from Russia’s Federal Security Service Border Service alongside international tourism statistics, paints a sobering picture of Russian travel to Europe. Ongoing restrictions, compounded by geopolitical and economic challenges, have reshaped how Russians reach European destinations.

The Rise of Transit Hubs for Russian Travel

Since the imposition of restrictions in 2022, Russians have increasingly relied on third-country transit hubs to access Europe. Turkey, particularly Istanbul, has emerged as the primary gateway, facilitating connections to various European cities. Other key transit hubs include the United Arab Emirates, Serbia, Qatar, China, Morocco, Bahrain, and Ethiopia.

However, travel hurdles extend beyond flight routes. Payment systems have posed a significant challenge, with Visa and Mastercard services unavailable to Russian tourists abroad. As a result, many travelers have turned to alternative payment methods to manage transactions during their trips.

A Shift Toward Transit Travel

In 2024, an estimated 1.8 million Russian trips were categorized as “transit travel,” involving passage through at least two foreign countries before reaching the final destination. Unlike previous years, these trips were primarily for non-leisure purposes, including business, education, medical treatment, and family reunions.

This trend underscores a broader shift in Russian travel behavior, where practical necessities outweigh tourism.

Aviation vs. Land Routes: Navigating European Borders

Russians utilized both air and land routes to access Europe in 2024, albeit at drastically reduced numbers compared to previous years. While 600,000 trips were made via air travel through third-country transit hubs, an additional 800,000 journeys were recorded via land border crossings with Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Norway.

Overland Travel Challenges

Land travel remained heavily restricted, with only Russian citizens holding EU residency permits or dual citizenship able to enter Europe through border crossings. Tourist entry was largely off-limits due to ongoing sanctions and travel bans.

Border crossing statistics reveal a 6% decline in overland travel compared to 2023. The steepest declines occurred at Estonian and Latvian borders, while Poland witnessed a modest 32% increase, primarily through automobile travel.

Breakdown of Land Travel to Europe in 2024

Here’s a detailed look at land travel from Russia to Europe in 2024:

• Estonia: 510,000 crossings (70,000 by car, 440,000 on foot), down from 561,000 in 2023.
• Poland: 209,000 crossings (205,000 by car, 4,000 on foot), up from 158,500 in 2023.
• Lithuania: 54,000 crossings (20,000 by car, 34,000 on foot), down from 61,800 in 2023.
• Latvia: 32,000 crossings (22,000 by car, 10,000 on foot), down from 45,200 in 2023.
• Norway: 16,000 crossings (all by car), down from 24,000 in 2023.

Despite these declines, Polish borders experienced a notable increase in Russian entries. However, these travelers were predominantly non-tourists, focusing on family visits, personal matters, or work-related activities.

Total Russian Travel to Europe in 2024

Combining air and land travel statistics, Russians made approximately 1.4 million trips to Europe in 2024. This total includes:

• 800,000 land trips through border crossings.
• 600,000 air trips via third-country transit hubs.

The combined figure represents a 90% decrease compared to the 14.37 million trips recorded in 2019, a stark reminder of the ongoing impact of restrictions.

Turkey’s Dominance as a Transit Hub

Turkey’s pivotal role in facilitating Russian travel to Europe is evident in its border statistics. In 2024, Turkey recorded 6.71 million Russian entries, compared to 6.31 million flights departing from Russia to Turkey. The 400,000-trip discrepancy underscores the number of Russians using Turkey as a transit point to reach European destinations.

For those unable to travel through Turkey, smaller transit hubs like the UAE, Serbia, and Morocco served as alternative routes.

The Future of Russian Travel to Europe

The outlook for Russian travel to Europe remains uncertain as restrictions continue to limit direct access. In 2024, Russian outbound travel to global destinations grew by 15.4%, but Europe remains an exception, with travel numbers stagnating at historically low levels.

With few signs of recovery, Russian travelers are adapting by focusing on alternative destinations in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Turkey’s role as a key transit hub is unlikely to wane, providing a vital link for Russians seeking access to Europe.