Saint Martin’s Island Faces Ecological Degradation, Highlighting the Need for its Sustainable Tourism Growth and Conservation Efforts in Bangladesh

Published on December 13, 2025

There is Saint Martin’s Island, also known as “the coral island of Bangladesh,” which has been suffering from serious ecological damage because of lack of control over development, tourism, and abandonment by the government. This particular island, which formerly housed coral deposits, has been seriously destroyed, especially because of preventable causes. The purity of this environment is now at serious risk, especially with the increase in tourists.

Despite being wrongly described as a “coral island,” Saint Martin’s has been thought of as a treasure within the country because of the rich biodiversity as well as the geological importance that it holds. But because of decades of bad management, habitats such as mangroves, fish ponds, and natural woodlands have been destroyed. The removal of coral rocks that are centuries old in order to provide materials for construction has also caused the erosion of coastlines, as well as depleted fishing grounds.

The Negative Impact of Unregulated Development and Tourism

The development boom on Saint Martin’s Island has compounded the environmental strain. Despite a long-standing ban on construction, hotels, private homes, and resorts continue to spring up illegally, further damaging the island’s fragile ecosystem. The influx of tourists, which has skyrocketed from a few hundred visitors in the 1980s to hundreds of thousands annually, has turned the once serene island into a dumping ground for plastic waste. Government clean-up efforts have been sporadic, leaving the island vulnerable to pollution and ecosystem collapse.

Furthermore, the island’s hydrological system—which relies on the unique geology of shell-shaped bedrock that traps rainwater underground—is under threat. With the growing number of homes and tourist facilities, sewage and wastewater have nowhere to go but into the island’s groundwater, contaminating drinking and bathing water sources. This pollution crisis is poised to become a public health disaster, one that has yet to be addressed with any urgency by the authorities.

A Brief Glimmer of Hope: The Nine-Month Visitor Ban

In 2025, the government took an encouraging step by imposing an nine-month ban on tourist entry to the island from February to October. This decision, though long overdue, allowed the island’s degraded ecosystems to recover temporarily. During this period, vegetation began to flourish, with native plants like Keora, Lumnitzera, and Vitex rebounding noticeably. Marine life also began to show signs of revival, including the nesting of Olive Ridley turtles, a hopeful sign that human disturbance was finally being reduced.

The Cheradia islands, part of Saint Martin’s, saw the strongest ecological recovery during the quiet months. These islands, typically overcrowded with tourists, experienced excessive growth of native plants, further showcasing the positive impact of limiting human presence.

Sustainable Tourism: A Path Toward Ecological Restoration

Despite the benefits of the nine-month visitor ban, the island’s recovery remains fragile. To ensure long-term sustainability, sustainable tourism practices must be integrated into the island’s management strategy. Eco-tourism, community-led conservation, and responsible visitor behavior are essential components in balancing the tourism economy with the need for environmental protection.

Tourists must be educated on the importance of eco-friendly travel, including reducing plastic waste, respecting wildlife habitats, and supporting conservation efforts. Additionally, the government should prioritize eco-conscious infrastructure development, ensuring that tourism facilities minimize their environmental impact and are built in a way that supports the preservation of natural landscapes.

Persistent Problems and Signs of Continued Negligence

Despite the temporary relief provided by the visitor ban, the island’s recovery is still at risk. Illegal construction continues to expand, with unregulated tourism development outpacing conservation efforts. The exploding stray dog population on the island poses a significant threat to nesting turtles, digging up eggs and disturbing wildlife. Rubbish continues to accumulate, with insufficient cleanup efforts in place, signaling a lack of enforcement and sustainable management.

These persistent problems underscore a deeper issue: Saint Martin’s Island still lacks a functioning management system. The island needs full-time conservation staff, trained wildlife wardens, and science-based regulations backed by adequate enforcement. Without these measures, short-term fixes and seasonal restrictions will not be enough to protect this unique ecosystem from irreversible damage.

Immediate Actions Needed to Protect Saint Martin’s Island

To ensure the survival of Saint Martin’s Island, immediate and science-backed action is necessary. The following actions should be implemented immediately to preserve the island’s ecosystems and maintain its role as a sustainable tourism destination:

• Environmental management: Establish daily mandatory trash collection and disposal, ban all motorized vehicles on beaches, and implement solar power and rainwater harvesting systems.
• Wildlife protection: Declare the Cheradia islands a strict “No-Go Zone” for all except researchers and authorized officials. Ban fishing within one kilometer of the island and remove or sterilize stray dogs.
• Sustainable tourism: Continue the visitor closure from February–October annually and enforce a daily visitor limit of 2,000 to ensure that tourism does not exceed the island’s ecological capacity.

Tourism Impact: Balancing Conservation and Economic Growth

The tourism industry has been a major economic driver for Saint Martin’s Island, but unchecked development and mass tourism have placed immense pressure on its delicate ecosystem. Sustainable tourism practices must be integrated into the island’s management, balancing economic growth with ecological preservation. This requires strict tourism regulations to protect the island’s unique biodiversity while still supporting the local economy.

Tourists visiting Saint Martin’s should be educated on the importance of eco-friendly travel, such as reducing plastic use and supporting local conservation efforts. By promoting responsible tourism, the island can continue to attract international visitors while ensuring that its natural resources are preserved for future generations.

Future Sustainable Tourism Impact for Saint Martin’s Island

The future of Saint Martin’s tourism lies in its ability to embrace sustainable tourism practices. With the implementation of eco-tourism initiatives and stronger environmental protections, the island has the potential to become a model for sustainable development in Bangladesh. By balancing tourism growth with biodiversity preservation, Saint Martin’s can ensure its survival as both a tourism destination and a natural habitat for future generations.

By implementing long-term strategies for sustainable tourism and conservation, Bangladesh can help preserve Saint Martin’s Island as a unique ecological treasure, attracting eco-conscious travelers and contributing to both economic growth and environmental protection.

The Time for Action is Now

The increased tourist pressure on Saint Martin’s Island makes it imperative that urgent steps are taken in order to preserve the island for the future. Environmentally responsible tourism, together with proper government management, would go a long way in conserving the biodiversity of the island as well as making it continue to remain a significant tourist spot. The fate of saving Saint Martin’s Island is limited but not past recovery yet—it is imperative that urgent steps are taken to preserve this biodiversity this instant.