Thailand’s Most Daring Emergency Landings as Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Phuket, Hat Yai, and Samui See Engine Failures, Turbulence, and Crash Landings: What You Need to Know

Published on December 4, 2025

Thailand’s aviation sector experienced several notable emergency landings between January 2021 and November 2025. Although Thailand has a good safety record, bad weather, mechanical faults and other issues caused a number of aircraft to divert or land unexpectedly. The incidents listed below are based on official statements from government agencies, investigative bodies or airlines and have been compiled to provide a comprehensive overview of emergency landings that occurred in Thai airspace or involved Thai operators during this period.

In April 2022 a Thai Vietjet Air Airbus A320 operating flight VZ320 from Bangkok to Hat Yai encountered smoke in the avionics area shortly after take‑off. According to the preliminary investigation by the Thailand Aircraft Investigation Board (AIB), the crew noticed smoke at about 4,000 feet and returned to Suvarnabhumi Airport. The aircraft landed safely without injuries and was classified as a serious incident[1]. A few months later, on 25 May 2022, a Royal Thai Air Force C‑130 transport aircraft had both rear tyres burst while landing at Ubon Ratchathani International Airport. The air force explained that the brake system failed and the pilot used the emergency brake to stop the aircraft, causing the tyres to burst and the plane to become stuck on the runway[2]. Airport operations were disrupted for hours, but no injuries were reported. The air force coordinated with the airport to issue a Notice to Airmen and apologised for the inconvenience[3].

Thailand’s commercial sector also faced challenges. On 30 July 2022 a Nok Air Boeing 737‑800 flight from Bangkok to Chiang Rai (DD108) attempted to land at Mae Fah Luang Airport during heavy rain. The aircraft slid off the runway onto grass but remained largely intact; all 164 passengers and six crew were evacuated with no injuries. The airport closed for several days while investigators examined the runway and aircraft. Officials emphasised that quick evacuation and passenger discipline prevented injuries[4]. Months later, on 9 April 2022 (report released later), the French Bureau d’Enquêtes et d’Analyses (BEA) recorded an incident in which a Thai Vietjet Air Airbus A320 (registration HS‑VKC) returned to Suvarnabhumi Airport after the flight crew detected smoke in the cockpit. The AIB reported no injuries or damage but classified the event as a serious incident[1].

During June 2023, another serious incident occurred involving a Thai AirAsia Airbus A320 (registration HS‑BBF). While en route to Hat Yai, the crew detected smoke in the cockpit and made an emergency landing at Hat Yai International Airport. Officials confirmed there were no injuries and the AIB launched an investigation[5]. Just two months later, on 29 August 2023, a Bangkok Airways Airbus A319 (flight PG137) approaching Samui Airport touched down before the runway threshold. The aircraft landed safely; there were no injuries, but investigators noted that touching down short of the runway could have had serious consequences[6]. These back‑to‑back incidents prompted Thai regulators to review pilot training and emergency procedures for domestic carriers.

The year 2024 brought more high‑profile emergencies. On 21 May 2024, Singapore Airlines flight SQ321 from London to Singapore encountered severe turbulence over the Andaman Sea. The aircraft, a Boeing 777‑300ER, diverted to Bangkok’s Suvarnabhumi Airport where medical teams met it on arrival. Official statements from the airline and Airports of Thailand indicated that one passenger died and dozens were injured, including crew members. Suvarnabhumi’s operations team provided medical assistance and arranged onward travel for uninjured passengers; the event highlighted the need for better turbulence forecasting[7]. In September 2024, a Thai Airways Airbus A350‑900 landing at Suvarnabhumi veered off the left side of the runway, damaging several edge lights. Investigation summaries indicated that the runway excursion occurred during landing and that all passengers and crew were unharmed[8]. The Thai Aircraft Investigation Board took responsibility for the inquiry and recommended reviewing cross‑wind landing procedures.

Further mechanical issues emerged in May 2025 when Thai Airways flight TG922 (a Boeing 777‑300ER operating from Bangkok to Frankfurt) experienced a main landing gear door malfunction shortly after departure. The crew dumped fuel over the Gulf of Thailand and returned to Bangkok. Maintenance teams fixed the issue and the aircraft departed later that day. There were no injuries, but the airline said the crew followed standard operating procedures to reduce risk[9]. On 13 June 2025, Air India flight AI379 from Phuket to New Delhi received a written bomb threat. Phuket Airport’s general manager stated that the pilot returned to Phuket, all 156 passengers were evacuated safely and bomb disposal teams found no explosive devices[10]. The incident demonstrated the importance of security screening and coordination between carriers and airports.

In August 2025 a Thai Airways Airbus A350‑900 en route from Munich to Bangkok encountered severe turbulence over Thailand’s northeast. The AIB classified it as a serious incident because four passengers suffered serious injuries and one passenger sustained minor injuries, though the aircraft was not damaged[11]. These back‑to‑back turbulence events in 2024 and 2025 prompted Thai authorities to collaborate with international aviation agencies to enhance turbulence prediction and passenger safety briefings.

The Royal Thai Navy (RTN) and Royal Thai Army also experienced emergency landings during this period. On 8 October 2025, a Royal Thai Navy Cessna O‑2 Skymaster used for coastal surveillance suffered a landing gear failure while landing at Phuket International Airport. Airports of Thailand closed the airport’s only runway for about three hours while ground crews towed the aircraft away. RTN spokespeople confirmed that no crew were injured and that the plane’s malfunctioning gear caused the belly landing[12]. A few weeks later, on 15 November 2025, an army Bell 212 helicopter assigned to the Singhanat Special Task Force experienced a transmission oil pressure warning during a supply flight over Mae Hong Son province. The pilot followed emergency procedures and landed in a harvested rice field, avoiding nearby villages. Army officials stated that all personnel were safe and technicians were dispatched to repair the helicopter[13].

Private and regional carriers also faced emergencies. On 16 October 2025, a Thai Vietjet Airbus A320 (flight VZ‑106) descending into Chiang Mai triggered a cargo smoke alarm. The crew discharged a fire extinguisher into the aft cargo hold, declared an emergency and continued to land safely. The Thai AIB reported that the aircraft sustained minor damage and treated the occurrence as a serious incident[14]. Such incidents underscore the critical role of cockpit crew in managing in‑flight warnings and highlight the importance of fire detection and suppression systems.

These events reveal patterns in Thailand’s aviation safety landscape. Mechanical failures—particularly brake problems, gear malfunctions and smoke indications—prompted several emergency landings. Severe turbulence caused multiple diversions and led to injuries in 2024 and 2025. Weather‑related runway excursions and heavy rain, as seen in the Nok Air incident, continue to challenge pilots, especially at regional airports. Security concerns also played a role: the Air India bomb threat emphasises the need for vigilant security procedures and timely communication between airlines, airports and national authorities.

The response to these emergencies generally reflects well‑coordinated efforts by pilots, ground crews and emergency services. Airports of Thailand provided timely medical care and logistical support, while the Thai Aircraft Investigation Board and international agencies such as the BEA promptly documented incidents and launched investigations. Lessons from these events have prompted reviews of pilot training, maintenance practices, emergency checklists and communication protocols. The capacity to execute safe landings under challenging conditions demonstrates resilience in Thailand’s aviation sector, but it also underscores the importance of continuous improvement to prevent future emergencies.

Reference List

1. Preliminary investigation by the Thai Aircraft Investigation Board – Official summary of Thai Vietjet Air flight VZ320 emergency landing due to avionic smoke (April 9 2022) and classification as a serious incident[1].
2. Royal Thai Air Force statement – Details of the C‑130 emergency landing at Ubon Ratchathani on May 25 2022, including brake failure, burst tyres and absence of injuries[3].
3. Bangkok Post news report – Account of Nok Air flight DD108 sliding off the runway in heavy rain at Chiang Rai, July 30 2022, highlighting safe evacuation and airport closure[4].
4. BEA notification – Summary of the Thai Vietjet Air Airbus A320 incident at Suvarnabhumi (April 9 2022) listing avionic smoke and safe return[1].
5. BEA notification – Summary of Thai AirAsia Airbus A320 emergency landing at Hat Yai due to cockpit smoke on June 24 2023[5].
6. BEA notification – Details of Bangkok Airways Airbus A319 landing short of the runway at Samui on August 29 2023[6].
7. Official statements from Singapore Airlines and Airports of Thailand – Description of severe turbulence event on May 21 2024 that led to diversion of SQ321 to Bangkok, casualties and emergency response[7].
8. BEA notification – Summary of Thai Airways A350 runway excursion at Bangkok’s Suvarnabhumi Airport on September 14 2024, noting damage to runway lights and absence of injuries[8].
9. Aviation24 report – Information on Thai Airways flight TG922’s return to Bangkok on May 4 2025 due to a main landing gear door issue and subsequent safe landing[9].
10. Reuters report – Details of Air India flight AI379’s bomb‑threat‑induced emergency landing at Phuket on June 13 2025, including evacuation of passengers and lack of explosives[10].
11. BEA notification – Summary of Thai Airways Airbus A350 turbulence incident on August 20 2025 resulting in serious injuries but no aircraft damage[11].
12. Nation Thailand report – Account of Royal Thai Navy Cessna O‑2 belly landing at Phuket on October 8 2025 due to landing‑gear failure and subsequent runway closure[12].
13. Nation Thailand report – Description of Army Bell 212 helicopter emergency landing in Mae Hong Son on November 15 2025 following an oil‑pressure warning, with all crew members safe[13].
14. AeroInside/Avherald summary – Thai Vietjet Airbus A320 cargo smoke incident near Chiang Mai on October 16 2025, noting emergency declaration, fire extinguisher activation and safe landing[14].