Travel Advisory for Saudi Arabia: Key Security and Health Risks for Tourists Visiting Riyadh, Jeddah, and the Holy Sites of Mecca and Medina.

Published on April 2, 2025

Saudi Arabia continues to remain a popular destination for international travelers, especially during significant events like the Hajj pilgrimage. However, recent updates from the Government of Canada advise tourists to exercise a high degree of caution when traveling to the Kingdom due to several ongoing security concerns. These advisories, last updated on April 2, 2025, are crucial for tourists to understand, as they reflect the current risks associated with terrorism, regional instability, and natural disasters. Understanding these factors is essential for ensuring a safe and informed journey.

Security Risks in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, particularly in regions close to its borders, faces ongoing security challenges. The Canadian government’s advice emphasizes the need for heightened caution due to the threats posed by terrorist activities. Travelers are warned to be vigilant and avoid areas near the border with Yemen, where rocket, missile, and mortar attacks have been reported. Specifically, the areas within 80 kilometers of the Yemeni border are considered high-risk zones.

The government also lists certain “out of bounds” zones near Iraq’s border, including the towns of Hafr al Batin and Khafji. Visitors are advised to avoid these areas unless absolutely necessary. These precautions are in place due to the ongoing security risks, including armed conflicts and civil unrest that could pose a danger to tourists. Furthermore, there are concerns about the Abha International Airport in Asir Province, which remains a target for missile and drone attacks, making it a location that travelers should avoid unless essential.

The Threat of Terrorism and Civil Unrest

In addition to the risks near the border, Saudi Arabia also faces the threat of terrorism. The Canadian government reports that recent large-scale attacks in the country have targeted places of worship, government buildings, and public spaces, including those frequented by tourists. The potential for such attacks remains, and security measures are constantly in place to mitigate these risks. The heightened security is particularly important during public gatherings, such as religious holidays and large-scale events like the Hajj, where crowds are often concentrated.

The travel advisory warns that while major cities like Riyadh, Jeddah, and Mecca remain relatively safer, travelers should remain alert to the presence of militants and the possibility of attacks in urban areas. Areas like Qatif, which have been prone to unrest in the past, remain high-risk zones. While the security situation in Qatif has calmed, ongoing tensions and heavy police presence continue to make it an unpredictable location for tourists.

Understanding Travel and Entry Regulations

Travelers to Saudi Arabia should be aware of the specific entry requirements and regulations, which may differ based on their nationality or the purpose of their visit. All tourists must obtain a visa before entering the country. Visitors can apply for a tourist visa online or upon arrival at the airport. However, travelers must also be aware of specific entry rules, such as the requirement for a passport valid for at least six months beyond the intended stay.

For business, student, or working visas, applicants must be sponsored by a Saudi citizen, organization, or travel agency. There are strict regulations surrounding overstaying a visa, and those who do will face fines and will be unable to leave the country until all penalties are paid. Additionally, travelers should be aware that non-Muslims are prohibited from visiting the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, which are accessible only to those with the appropriate pilgrimage visas.

Health and Safety Considerations for Tourists

Saudi Arabia’s health regulations require travelers to ensure their routine vaccinations are up-to-date before arrival. The country also has specific requirements for travelers wishing to work in the Kingdom, including a certificate for HIV testing and a criminal background check.

Additionally, there are some regional health concerns that travelers should be aware of, including the risks of diseases like malaria, hepatitis, and COVID-19. Tourists are also advised to take extra precautions to avoid food and waterborne illnesses, as consuming unsafe food or drinking contaminated water can lead to illness during travel. The Government of Canada recommends that all travelers consult with a healthcare provider well before traveling to receive personalized health advice, especially regarding vaccines and other precautions for diseases like yellow fever.

Traveling During Hajj: A Unique Experience with Specific Risks

The Hajj pilgrimage is a defining event for millions of Muslims, drawing massive crowds to Mecca each year. For travelers planning to attend, the Government of Canada highlights the unique risks involved. Pilgrims are reminded that overcrowding at religious sites can lead to accidents, including stampedes, as seen in previous years. While the government has not reported any immediate threats to the event, the risk of injury due to overcrowding remains high.

Visitors planning to attend the Hajj must ensure they have the proper visa and travel through an accredited travel agency. Non-Muslims are strictly prohibited from entering Mecca and Medina during the pilgrimage, which limits their ability to experience the event firsthand. The Hajj pilgrimage typically takes place in June, and travelers are urged to plan their trips early and follow all instructions to ensure their safety.

Driving and Road Safety in Saudi Arabia

Road safety is another key consideration for tourists in Saudi Arabia. While urban areas have well-maintained roads, driving in rural areas can be challenging, as roads are less developed and poorly lit. Tourists are strongly advised to exercise caution when driving, particularly off-road, and only travel in a convoy if going into remote areas.

The risk of traffic accidents is elevated due to poor driving habits, such as excessive speed and disregard for traffic laws. Tourists should ensure they are well-prepared for their journey by carrying a sufficient supply of gas, water, food, and a mobile phone. It is also advised to leave an itinerary with a trusted contact before embarking on long drives.

Cultural and Legal Sensitivities in Saudi Arabia

Visitors to Saudi Arabia must be prepared to respect the country’s cultural and legal norms, which are deeply rooted in Islamic practices. Saudi Arabia adheres to a strict interpretation of Sharia law, which influences its laws on dress codes, public behavior, and social interactions. Women are required to wear conservative clothing, including a full-length cloak (abaya) and headscarf, and men are discouraged from wearing shorts in public.

Tourists should also be mindful of restrictions on public behavior. Public displays of affection, including holding hands, are discouraged, and any form of harassment is illegal. Furthermore, the Kingdom has strict laws on alcohol, drugs, and religious practices. Importing or consuming alcohol is prohibited, and the possession of illegal drugs can result in severe punishments, including death.

The legal system in Saudi Arabia is known for being strict, and it is vital for travelers to adhere to local laws and customs to avoid legal issues. The Saudi legal system does not recognize dual citizenship, and travelers must carry proper identification documents at all times. Any violations of the country’s laws can lead to heavy penalties or even imprisonment.

Environmental Considerations and Natural Disasters

Saudi Arabia is known for its extreme heat, particularly during the summer months between June and August, when temperatures can soar well above 40°C. Travelers are urged to stay hydrated, avoid sun exposure, and monitor weather reports for updates on heatwaves. Sandstorms are another common occurrence, particularly during the summer months, and can create hazardous driving conditions and respiratory issues.

The country also experiences occasional heavy rains and flooding, especially between November and February. While Saudi Arabia is one of the driest countries in the world, these weather patterns can significantly impact travel and essential services, making it crucial for visitors to remain vigilant and prepared for sudden changes in the weather.

Conclusion: Safe Travel in Saudi Arabia Requires Awareness

Traveling to Saudi Arabia requires careful planning, awareness of the country’s security risks, and respect for its cultural norms. Tourists are encouraged to monitor local news and follow the advice of local authorities to stay informed about any changes in the security situation. While Saudi Arabia offers a unique travel experience, visitors must be cautious and adhere to the country’s strict legal and cultural guidelines to ensure their safety and enjoy their visit.